Brute-force attack
Attempts to discover a secret by trying many possibilities. Rate limiting, an additional authentication factor and monitoring help reduce their effectiveness.
Definition and sourcesKNOWLEDGE / FROM A TO Z
Glossary
Technology, explained clearly. Find a term, choose a letter or narrow the topic. Definitions include sources and their review date.
Terms 685 / 685
Buffer
A memory area temporarily holding data between operations. It helps accommodate processing-speed differences and is not synonymous with every cache.
Definition and sourcesBug bounty
A programme rewarding responsible vulnerability reports. The organiser defines testing scope and rules; it does not authorise unrestricted attacks.
Definition and sourcesBumper ads
A short, non-skippable Google Ads video format lasting up to six seconds. It is intended for concise messaging and reach.
Definition and sourcesBuyer persona
A representative buyer profile based on research into needs, behaviour and purchasing context. Personas should guide decisions rather than reinforce untested stereotypes.
Definition and sourcesCache
Storage of data for reuse, such as a saved HTTP response. Caching reduces delays and repeated work. Expiration and invalidation matter; private responses must not be indiscriminately stored in a shared cache.
Definition and sourcesCache and microcache
Caches store responses or computation results for reuse. Microcaching uses short lifetimes; private and session-specific content needs exclusion from shared caches.
Definition and sourcesCache-Control
An HTTP header defining response storage and reuse. No-cache requires validation, while no-store prohibits storage; these directives are not interchangeable.
Definition and sourcesCakePHP
A PHP MVC framework with data-access tools and application conventions. Select its version together with PHP requirements and support lifecycle.
Definition and sourcesCallout asset
Additional short ad text highlighting an offering's feature. It is not a separate clickable link; claims must comply with rules and reality.
Definition and sourcesCanonical URL
The preferred address for duplicate or closely similar content. HTML usually expresses it with a link element using rel="canonical". Search engines treat it as a signal rather than an unconditional indexing instruction.
Definition and sourcesCanva
A design platform with an editor and templates. Rights to use elements, photographs and templates depend on licensing and intended use.
Definition and sourcesCAPTCHA
A mechanism reducing automated abuse through behavioural assessment or challenges. It is not infallible; accessibility and privacy need consideration.
Definition and sourcesCase study
An account of a specific implementation, its context, actions and outcomes. A useful case study explains measurement methods and limits to its conclusions.
Definition and sourcesCC email field
The email carbon-copy field, labelled DW in Polish interfaces. Addresses are normally visible to other recipients; it does not hide a contact list.
Definition and sourcesCDN (Content Delivery Network)
Distributed infrastructure delivering content from multiple locations. A CDN can cache assets and reduce origin-server load. Node selection depends on routing and configuration, not necessarily physical proximity.
Definition and sourcesChamilo
A learning management system providing courses, materials and assessment tools. Deployment requires access configuration and protection of learner data.
Definition and sourcesChaos engineering
Controlled disruption experiments used to test system resilience. They require hypotheses, observation and bounded impact; randomly stopping services is insufficient.
Definition and sourcesChatGPT
An OpenAI service for conversation and work with AI models, including text and information tasks. Tools vary by version and plan. Results need checking; ChatGPT is not the name of one fixed GPT-3 model.
Definition and sourcesCI/CD
Practices for frequent integration and automated delivery. Continuous delivery maintains release readiness; continuous deployment may automatically deploy accepted changes.
Definition and sourcesCisco
A vendor of networking, security and collaboration solutions. Cisco names a company and product brand rather than one networking protocol.
Definition and sourcesCitation Flow
Majestic's proprietary metric estimating link-profile influence from link relationships. It is neither a Google metric nor independent proof of website quality.
Definition and sourcesClick-through rate
Clicks divided by impressions, usually expressed as a percentage. It helps assess response to messaging but does not replace conversion and cost analysis.
Definition and sourcesClickbait
A headline or presentation designed to provoke clicks, often at the expense of accuracy. High CTR alone does not demonstrate content quality or usefulness.
Definition and sources