The preferred address for duplicate or closely similar content. HTML usually expresses it with a link element using rel="canonical". Search engines treat it as a signal rather than an unconditional indexing instruction.
Majestic's proprietary metric estimating link-profile influence from link relationships. It is neither a Google metric nor independent proof of website quality.
Showing search crawlers different content from users to manipulate results. Not all legitimate personalisation is cloaking; purpose and implementation matter.
Writing that supports a communication goal, such as explaining an offer or encouraging contact. Effective copy connects the reader's needs with concrete information. Persuasion does not justify unsupported promises.